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U:RDoc::TopLevel[ i I" format_specifications.rdoc:ETcRDoc::Parser::Simpleo:RDoc::Markup::Document: @parts[S:RDoc::Markup::Heading:
leveli: textI"Format Specifications;To: RDoc::Markup::BlankLine o: RDoc::Markup::Paragraph;[I"JSeveral Ruby core classes have instance method +printf+ or +sprintf+:;T@
o:RDoc::Markup::List:
@type: BULLET: @items[ o:RDoc::Markup::ListItem: @label0;[o;
;[I"ARGF#printf;To;;0;[o;
;[I"IO#printf;To;;0;[o;
;[I"Kernel#printf;To;;0;[o;
;[I"Kernel#sprintf;T@
o;
;[I"!Each of these methods takes:;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"6Argument +format_string+, which has zero or more ;TI"4embedded _format_ _specifications_ (see below).;To;;0;[o;
;[I"SArguments *arguments, which are zero or more objects to be formatted.;T@
o;
;[ I"8Each of these methods prints or returns the string ;TI"#resulting from replacing each ;TI"Iformat specification embedded in +format_string+ with a string form ;TI"5of the corresponding argument among +arguments+.;T@
o;
;[I"A simple example:;T@
o:RDoc::Markup::Verbatim;[I"Isprintf('Name: %s; value: %d', 'Foo', 0) # => "Name: Foo; value: 0"
;T: @format0o;
;[I")A format specification has the form:;T@
o;;[I"%%[flags][width][.precision]type
;T;0o;
;[I"It consists of:;T@
o;;;;[
o;;0;[o;
;[I"!A leading percent character.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"0Zero or more _flags_ (each is a character).;To;;0;[o;
;[I"2An optional _width_ _specifier_ (an integer).;To;;0;[o;
;[I"WAn optional _precision_ _specifier_ (a period followed by a non-negative integer).;To;;0;[o;
;[I"(A _type_ _specifier_ (a character).;T@
o;
;[I"/Except for the leading percent character, ;TI"Ithe only required part is the type specifier, so we begin with that.;T@
S; ;
i; I"Type Specifiers;T@
o;
;[I"GThis section provides a brief explanation of each type specifier. ;TI"0The links lead to the details and examples.;T@
S; ;
i; I" \Integer Type Specifiers;T@
o;;;;[ o;;0;[o;
;[I"8+b+ or +B+: Format +argument+ as a binary integer. ;TI"VSee {Specifiers b and B}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifiers+b+and+B].;To;;0;[o;
;[I"++d+, +i+, or +u+ (all are identical): ;TI"-Format +argument+ as a decimal integer. ;TI"HSee {Specifier d}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifier+d].;To;;0;[o;
;[I"1+o+: Format +argument+ as an octal integer. ;TI"HSee {Specifier o}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifier+o].;To;;0;[o;
;[I"=+x+ or +X+: Format +argument+ as a hexadecimal integer. ;TI"VSee {Specifiers x and X}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifiers+x+and+X].;T@
S; ;
i; I"#Floating-Point Type Specifiers;T@
o;;;;[ o;;0;[o;
;[I"I+a+ or +A+: Format +argument+ as hexadecimal floating-point number. ;TI"VSee {Specifiers a and A}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifiers+a+and+A].;To;;0;[o;
;[I";+e+ or +E+: Format +argument+ in scientific notation. ;TI"VSee {Specifiers e and E}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifiers+e+and+E].;To;;0;[o;
;[I"@+f+: Format +argument+ as a decimal floating-point number. ;TI"HSee {Specifier f}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifier+f].;To;;0;[o;
;[I":+g+ or +G+: Format +argument+ in a "general" format. ;TI"VSee {Specifiers g and G}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifiers+g+and+G].;T@
S; ;
i; I"Other Type Specifiers;T@
o;;;;[ o;;0;[o;
;[I",+c+: Format +argument+ as a character. ;TI"HSee {Specifier c}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifier+c].;To;;0;[o;
;[I"G+p+: Format +argument+ as a string via argument.inspect. ;TI"HSee {Specifier p}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifier+p].;To;;0;[o;
;[I"D+s+: Format +argument+ as a string via argument.to_s. ;TI"HSee {Specifier s}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifier+s].;To;;0;[o;
;[I"Q%: Format +argument+ ('%') as a single percent character. ;TI"JSee {Specifier %}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifier+-25].;T@
S; ;
i; I"
Flags;T@
o;
;[I"BThe effect of a flag may vary greatly among type specifiers. ;TI"*These remarks are general in nature. ;TI"jSee {type-specific details}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Type+Specifier+Details+and+Examples].;T@
o;
;[I"=Multiple flags may be given with single type specifier; ;TI"order does not matter.;T@
S; ;
i; I"' ' Flag;T@
o;
;[I"1Insert a space before a non-negative number:;T@
o;;[I""sprintf('%d', 10) # => "10"
;TI"#sprintf('% d', 10) # => " 10"
;T;0o;
;[I",Insert a minus sign for negative value:;T@
o;;[I"$sprintf('%d', -10) # => "-10"
;TI"$sprintf('% d', -10) # => "-10"
;T;0S; ;
i; I"'#' Flag;T@
o;
;[I"1Use an alternate format; varies among types:;T@
o;;[I"#sprintf('%x', 100) # => "64"
;TI"%sprintf('%#x', 100) # => "0x64"
;T;0S; ;
i; I"'+' Flag;T@
o;
;[I"7Add a leading plus sign for a non-negative number:;T@
o;;[I"#sprintf('%x', 100) # => "64"
;TI"$sprintf('%+x', 100) # => "+64"
;T;0S; ;
i; I"'-' Flag;T@
o;
;[I")Left justify the value in its field:;T@
o;;[I"(sprintf('%6d', 100) # => " 100"
;TI"(sprintf('%-6d', 100) # => "100 "
;T;0S; ;
i; I"'0' Flag;T@
o;
;[I"+Left-pad with zeros instead of spaces:;T@
o;;[I"(sprintf('%6d', 100) # => " 100"
;TI"(sprintf('%06d', 100) # => "000100"
;T;0S; ;
i; I"'*' Flag;T@
o;
;[I".Use the next argument as the field width:;T@
o;;[I"&sprintf('%d', 20, 14) # => "20"
;TI"8sprintf('%*d', 20, 14) # => " 14"
;T;0S; ;
i; I"'n$' Flag;T@
o;
;[I"@Format the (1-based) nth argument into this field:;T@
o;;[I"?sprintf("%s %s", 'world', 'hello') # => "world hello"
;TI"?sprintf("%2$s %1$s", 'world', 'hello') # => "hello world"
;T;0S; ;
i; I"Width Specifier;T@
o;
;[I"PIn general, a width specifier determines the minimum width (in characters) ;TI" of the formatted field:;T@
o;;[ I"-sprintf('%10d', 100) # => " 100"
;TI"
;TI"!# Left-justify if negative.
;TI"-sprintf('%-10d', 100) # => "100 "
;TI"
;TI" # Ignore if too small.
;TI"&sprintf('%1d', 100) # => "100"
;T;0S; ;
i; I"Precision Specifier;T@
o;
;[I"GA precision specifier is a decimal point followed by zero or more ;TI"decimal digits.;T@
o;
;[ I"PFor integer type specifiers, the precision specifies the minimum number of ;TI"Wdigits to be written. If the precision is shorter than the integer, the result is ;TI"Upadded with leading zeros. There is no modification or truncation of the result ;TI"1if the integer is longer than the precision:;T@
o;;[ I"&sprintf('%.3d', 1) # => "001"
;TI"'sprintf('%.3d', 1000) # => "1000"
;TI"
;TI"D# If the precision is 0 and the value is 0, nothing is written
;TI" sprintf('%.d', 0) # => ""
;TI" sprintf('%.0d', 0) # => ""
;T;0o;
;[I"KFor the +a+/+A+, +e+/+E+, +f+/+F+ specifiers, the precision specifies ;TI"@the number of digits after the decimal point to be written:;T@
o;;[
I"+sprintf('%.2f', 3.14159) # => "3.14"
;TI"3sprintf('%.10f', 3.14159) # => "3.1415900000"
;TI"
;TI"C# With no precision specifier, defaults to 6-digit precision.
;TI"/sprintf('%f', 3.14159) # => "3.141590"
;T;0o;
;[I"9For the +g+/+G+ specifiers, the precision specifies ;TI"4the number of significant digits to be written:;T@
o;;[ I"-sprintf('%.2g', 123.45) # => "1.2e+02"
;TI")sprintf('%.3g', 123.45) # => "123"
;TI"-sprintf('%.10g', 123.45) # => "123.45"
;TI"
;TI"F# With no precision specifier, defaults to 6 significant digits.
;TI".sprintf('%g', 123.456789) # => "123.457"
;T;0o;
;[I":For the +s+, +p+ specifiers, the precision specifies ;TI"'the number of characters to write:;T@
o;;[I"Asprintf('%s', Time.now) # => "2022-05-04 11:59:16 -0400"
;TI"2sprintf('%.10s', Time.now) # => "2022-05-04"
;T;0S; ;
i; I"(Type Specifier Details and Examples;T@
S; ;
i; I"Specifiers +a+ and +A+;T@
o;
;[I" "0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1"
;TI";sprintf('%a', -3.14159) # => "-0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1"
;TI"-sprintf('%a', 4096) # => "0x1p+12"
;TI".sprintf('%a', -4096) # => "-0x1p+12"
;TI"
;TI"Q# Capital 'A' means that alphabetical characters are printed in upper case.
;TI"-sprintf('%A', 4096) # => "0X1P+12"
;TI".sprintf('%A', -4096) # => "-0X1P+12"
;T;0S; ;
i; I"Specifiers +b+ and +B+;T@
o;
;[I"7The two specifiers +b+ and +B+ behave identically ;TI",except when flag '#'+ is used.;T@
o;
;[I"+Format +argument+ as a binary integer:;T@
o;;[I" sprintf('%b', 1) # => "1"
;TI""sprintf('%b', 4) # => "100"
;TI"
;TI"'# Prefix '..' for negative value.
;TI"$sprintf('%b', -4) # => "..100"
;TI"
;TI"# Alternate format.
;TI"%sprintf('%#b', 4) # => "0b100"
;TI"%sprintf('%#B', 4) # => "0B100"
;T;0S; ;
i; I"Specifier +c+;T@
o;
;[I"-Format +argument+ as a single character:;T@
o;;[I"!sprintf('%c', 'A') # => "A"
;TI"!sprintf('%c', 65) # => "A"
;T;0o;
;[I"YThis behaves like String#<<, except for raising ArgumentError instead of RangeError.;T@
S; ;
i; I"Specifier +d+;T@
o;
;[I",Format +argument+ as a decimal integer:;T@
o;;[I"$sprintf('%d', 100) # => "100"
;TI"%sprintf('%d', -100) # => "-100"
;T;0o;
;[I"&Flag '#' does not apply.;T@
S; ;
i; I"Specifiers +e+ and +E+;T@
o;
;[I"Format +argument+ in ;TI"N{scientific notation}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_notation]:;T@
o;;[I"1sprintf('%e', 3.14159) # => "3.141590e+00"
;TI"2sprintf('%E', -3.14159) # => "-3.141590E+00"
;T;0S; ;
i; I"Specifier +f+;T@
o;
;[I"2Format +argument+ as a floating-point number:;T@
o;;[I"-sprintf('%f', 3.14159) # => "3.141590"
;TI".sprintf('%f', -3.14159) # => "-3.141590"
;T;0o;
;[I"&Flag '#' does not apply.;T@
S; ;
i; I"Specifiers +g+ and +G+;T@
o;
;[I"BFormat +argument+ using exponential form (+e+/+E+ specifier) ;TI"Pif the exponent is less than -4 or greater than or equal to the precision. ;TI"KOtherwise format +argument+ using floating-point form (+f+ specifier):;T@
o;;[I"$sprintf('%g', 100) # => "100"
;TI"&sprintf('%g', 100.0) # => "100"
;TI",sprintf('%g', 3.14159) # => "3.14159"
;TI"/sprintf('%g', 100000000000) # => "1e+11"
;TI"1sprintf('%g', 0.000000000001) # => "1e-12"
;TI"
;TI"*# Capital 'G' means use capital 'E'.
;TI"/sprintf('%G', 100000000000) # => "1E+11"
;TI"1sprintf('%G', 0.000000000001) # => "1E-12"
;TI"
;TI"# Alternate format.
;TI"6sprintf('%#g', 100000000000) # => "1.00000e+11"
;TI"8sprintf('%#g', 0.000000000001) # => "1.00000e-12"
;TI"6sprintf('%#G', 100000000000) # => "1.00000E+11"
;TI"8sprintf('%#G', 0.000000000001) # => "1.00000E-12"
;T;0S; ;
i; I"Specifier +o+;T@
o;
;[I",Format +argument+ as an octal integer. ;TI"KIf +argument+ is negative, it will be formatted as a two's complement ;TI"prefixed with +..7+:;T@
o;;[
I"#sprintf('%o', 16) # => "20"
;TI"
;TI"(# Prefix '..7' for negative value.
;TI"&sprintf('%o', -16) # => "..760"
;TI"
;TI"5# Prefix zero for alternate format if positive.
;TI"$sprintf('%#o', 16) # => "020"
;TI"&sprintf('%#o', -16) # => "..760"
;T;0S; ;
i; I"Specifier +p+;T@
o;
;[I"AFormat +argument+ as a string via argument.inspect:;T@
o;;[I"t = Time.now
;TI"Asprintf('%p', t) # => "2022-05-01 13:42:07.1645683 -0500"
;T;0S; ;
i; I"Specifier +s+;T@
o;
;[I">Format +argument+ as a string via argument.to_s:;T@
o;;[I"t = Time.now
;TI"7sprintf('%s', t) # => "2022-05-01 13:42:07 -0500"
;T;0o;
;[I"&Flag '#' does not apply.;T@
S; ;
i; I"Specifiers +x+ and +X+;T@
o;
;[I"1Format +argument+ as a hexadecimal integer. ;TI"KIf +argument+ is negative, it will be formatted as a two's complement ;TI"prefixed with +..f+:;T@
o;;[I"$sprintf('%x', 100) # => "64"
;TI"
;TI"(# Prefix '..f' for negative value.
;TI"'sprintf('%x', -100) # => "..f9c"
;TI"
;TI" # Use alternate format.
;TI"&sprintf('%#x', 100) # => "0x64"
;TI"
;TI",# Alternate format for negative value.
;TI")sprintf('%#x', -100) # => "0x..f9c"
;T;0S; ;
i; I"Specifier %;T@
o;
;[I"DFormat +argument+ ('%') as a single percent character:;T@
o;;[I"(sprintf('%d %%', 100) # => "100 %"
;T;0o;
;[I"Flags do not apply.;T@
S; ;
i; I"Reference by Name;T@
o;
;[I"EFor more complex formatting, Ruby supports a reference by name. ;TI"A%s style uses format style, but %{name} style doesn't.;T@
o;
;[I"Examples:;T@
o;;[I"Nsprintf("%d : %f", { :foo => 1, :bar => 2 }) # => 1 : 2.000000
;TI"Esprintf("%{foo}f", { :foo => 1 }) # => "1f";T;0:
@file@:0@omit_headings_from_table_of_contents_below0